The human body can still handle the “normal pollutants” in the air we breathe using its own filtration system. Microscopically small “cilia” in the bronchi play a crucial role in this process: They transport particles trapped in bronchial mucus to the upper respiratory tract, where the foreign particles can then be coughed up—one of the human body’s self-cleaning mechanisms.
However, if the amount of dust becomes too great, the body’s self-cleaning system is overwhelmed. The consequences include irritation or inflammation of the upper respiratory tract, a cough, bronchitis, and inflammation of the bronchi and lung tissue.
The “Ten Golden Rules for Dust Control”
Harmful Even at Low Concentrations
However, that is by no means all: Some dusts are harmful even at low concentrations—namely those that are toxic, allergenic, or carcinogenic. These include, for example, welding fumes as well as certain wood or metal dusts. If the filtration system is already overloaded with “normal” particles, the body is even less able to defend itself against the toxic substances.
That is why it is important that applicable regulations are followed at all workplaces. The so-called general dust exposure limit was set in 2014 at 1.25 milligrams per cubic meter of air in the workplace. Procedures for dust protection are governed by the Hazardous Substances Ordinance and various“Technical Rules for Hazardous Substances”(TRGS).
Assessment Through a Risk Assessment
These stipulate that workplaces must be assessed for dust-related risks through a risk assessment —and outline the measures employers are required to take to protect employees’ health. This begins with employers determining whether substances posing a lower health risk can be used (principle of substitution). Another option is to use granules, which generate less dust, instead of raw material powders.
If hazardous substances cannot be replaced, the employer must design work activities and processes so that dangerous vapors and dust are not released. This can be achieved, for example, through dust-tight systems or vacuum operation. Personal protective equipment ranks last in the hierarchy of protective measures. For example, respiratory protection for employees is used only when all other measures prove insufficient.
In any case, the respective supervisor must inform employees about hazards and protective measures via written work instructions.
The Works Council Can Help
Anyone who suspects that their workplace may be particularly hazardous can contact their works council. Employee representatives can review the risk assessment—and also verify whether it is still up to date. Works council members, in turn, can consult the company physician if they are unsure about medical issues or the wording of the assessment.
Grinding, angle grinding, milling, welding, or turning—these are just a few of the activities that generate dust. The health consequences of these tiny particles may not be immediately obvious in everyday work. The fact that it’s better to wear special safety goggles when welding is “obvious” to anyone who has ever accidentally looked directly into the bright arc with the naked eye. The dangers posed by dust, however, are often underestimated by both employees and employers—sometimes with serious health consequences.
The“Ten Golden Rules for Dust Control”and further information can be found on the website of the German Statutory Accident Insurance.
